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Lorgnette

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Thoroughbred racehorse, see <a href="La_Lorgnette" title="La Lorgnette">La Lorgnette</a>.</div>

A lorgnette (/lɔːˈnjɛt/) is a pair of <a href="Glasses" title="Glasses">spectacles</a> with a handle, used to hold them in place, rather than fitting over the ears or nose. The word lorgnette is derived from the French lorgner, to take a sidelong look at, and Middle French, from lorgne, squinting.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Their precise origin is debated: some sources describe English scientist <a href="George_Adams_(scientist%2C_died_1773)" title="George Adams (scientist, died 1773)">George Adams the elder</a> as their inventor, while others cite his son <a href="George_Adams_(scientist%2C_died_1795)" title="George Adams (scientist, died 1795)">George Adams the younger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rosenthal1996Lorgnettes-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a>

The lorgnette was usually used as a piece of <a href="Jewelry" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewelry">jewelry</a>, rather than to enhance vision. Fashionable ladies usually preferred them to spectacles. These were very popular at <a href="Masquerade_ball" title="Masquerade ball">masquerade parties</a> and used often at the opera. They were worn popularly in the 19th century. The lorgnette was employed as a prop and affectation by early 20th century trial lawyer <a href="Earl_Rogers" title="Earl Rogers">Earl Rogers</a>, and one is featured on the front cover dust jacket of his biography, Final Verdict, by his daughter <a href="Adela_Rogers_St._Johns" title="Adela Rogers St. Johns">Adela Rogers St. Johns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div>

This word comes from French lorgnette, from lorgner (to take a sidelong look at), but it is a false friend: the equivalent French name for this (obsolete) optical instrument is face-à-main while lorgnette (or lunette d'approche, longue-vue) usually means a ship captain's (monocular) <a href="Telescope" title="Telescope">telescope</a>.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description_and_types">Description and types</h2></div>

Lorgnettes can typically be identified as a pair of spectacles on the end of a handle.<a href="#cite_note-Rosenthal1996Lorgnettes-2">[2]</a> There are many types and forms of the lorgnette. The handles of a lorgnette may vary in length or may be incorporated in various decorative or functional ways.

Lorgnettes were made from a range of different materials including <a href="Tortoiseshell" title="Tortoiseshell">tortoise shell</a>, horn, <a href="Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>, <a href="Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>, enamel, and various kinds of jewels.<a href="#cite_note-:4-5">[5]</a> Many lorgnettes had handles which also served as a protective case for the lenses to fold into, therefore making it easier to carry around.

The fan lorgnette and the double lorgnette are examples of variations of the lorgnette.

The fan lorgnette is an accessory where the lorgnette is hidden in the fan and used to inconspicuously observe others.<a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[6]</a> An unusual variant of the fan lorgnette is the French/Spanish “Flirtation Fan” or “Eventail Cocarde” which has a unique use of <a href="Mirror" title="Mirror">mirrors</a> and methods of opening and closing.<a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[6]</a>

A double lorgnette (also known as dual purpose lorgnette) consists of two pairs of spectacle <a href="Lens" title="Lens">lenses</a> of different power, typically one for <a href="Far-sightedness" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-sightedness">far-sighted vision</a> and one for <a href="Near-sightedness" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-sightedness">near-sighted vision.</a><a href="#cite_note-ProQuest911862354-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

From its invention to around the 17th century, corrective eyeglasses were mainly for the use of men.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> It was not common practice for women to use optical aids unless they were to partake in specific activities or tasks in which they were required to use them such as <a href="Sewing" title="Sewing">sewing</a> or <a href="Reading" title="Reading">reading</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-5">[5]</a> Women wearing spectacles in <a href="Public" title="Public">public</a> was also not considered <a href="Physical_attractiveness" title="Physical attractiveness">attractive</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ProQuest1914172686-9">[9]</a>

Following the introduction and <a href="Popularity" title="Popularity">popularisation</a> of the lorgnette, women became more involved with the use of optical aids. The lorgnette enabled women to view their surroundings clearly, but it was also used for social and decorative purposes. A large portion of the social life of European ladies involved the observation of the people around them, especially the attendance of others at events such as opera or theatre.<a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[6]</a> The lorgnette was part of the elegant games of <a href="High_society_(social_class)" class="mw-redirect" title="High society (social class)">high society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-10">[10]</a> The use of lorgnettes allowed women of high society to easily scrutinise objects of interest without directly facing their subject.<a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[6]</a>

The exact specificities of the time, people involved and nature of the <a href="Invention" title="Invention">invention</a> of the lorgnette is debatable. Some sources credit English scientist <a href="George_Adams_(scientist%2C_died_1773)" title="George Adams (scientist, died 1773)">George Adams the elder</a> with their invention around 1770.<a href="#cite_note-Rosenthal1996Lorgnettes-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-5">[5]</a> Others cite his son <a href="George_Adams_(scientist%2C_died_1795)" title="George Adams (scientist, died 1795)">George Adams the younger</a> as their inventor around 1780, although he himself credits his father with their invention in his 1789 book An Essay on Vision.<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-11">[11]</a> In this work, the lorgnette was described as "a kind of substitute for spectacles. Both eyes are used at once, without any effort", and was accompanied with an illustration.<a href="#cite_note-:1-11">[11]</a> It is also mentioned that the lorgnette was contrived to allow for more convenience and ease in looking at any occasional object.<a href="#cite_note-:1-11">[11]</a>

Early versions of the lorgnette were focused on the practicality and functionality of the spectacles to the user due to their round rims and heavier, undecorated designs.<a href="#cite_note-:4-5">[5]</a> However, over time, the lorgnette began to serve as more of a decorative accessory, especially for women attending opera or theatre.<a href="#cite_note-:4-5">[5]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fashion_and_popular_culture">Fashion and popular culture</h2></div>

The lorgnette was presented as a necessity for <a href="Women_in_England" title="Women in England">English women</a> who suffered from short-sightedness as well as a fashionable <a href="Fashion_accessory" title="Fashion accessory">accessory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-ProQuest1914172686-9">[9]</a> It was thought of as an attractive alternative to conventional glasses or spectacles, as these were considered unbecoming for women to wear in public.<a href="#cite_note-ProQuest1914172686-9">[9]</a> Over time, lorgnettes came to be used as decoration rather than for practical purposes.

Lorgnettes were valued for features such as how they could easily be carried around at one's own <a href="Discretion" title="Discretion">discretion</a> and how they could be quickly taken out and lifted into place on the face to swiftly <a href="Observation" title="Observation">observe</a> or find answers to questions with grace.<a href="#cite_note-ProQuest1914172686-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-ProQuest911862354-7">[7]</a> Lorgnettes were considered to be a great addition to outfits. This was especially so for women preparing their attire to go to the <a href="Theatre" title="Theatre">theatre</a> or <a href="Opera" title="Opera">opera</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ProQuest911862354-7">[7]</a> As a vision aid and fashion statement, it was an accessory that allowed fashionable and vision impaired women to clearly see the action on the stage with ease and to partake in the games of <a href="High_society_(social_class)" class="mw-redirect" title="High society (social class)">high society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-10">[10]</a>

<a href="Wallis_Simpson" title="Wallis Simpson">The Duchess of Windsor</a> is said to have owned a collection of lorgnettes and thereby to have brought the lorgnette back to fashion in the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-ProQuest911862354-7">[7]</a> She is described to have been especially fond of a particular lorgnette that “springs out from a small tiger handle of gold, striped in black enamel, emerald-eyed”, designed by <a href="Cartier_(jeweler)" title="Cartier (jeweler)">Cartier</a> in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-ProQuest911862354-7">[7]</a>

<a href="Leonora_Corbett" title="Leonora Corbett">Leonora Corbett</a>, an English actress, is said to have owned a “diamond set lorgnette that opens when she presses the second diamond from the top of its twisted golden handle” designed by <a href="Pierre_Sterl%C3%A9" title="Pierre Sterlé">Sterlé</a> of Paris.<a href="#cite_note-ProQuest911862354-7">[7]</a>

In the oil on canvas portrait of Louise von Wertheimstein (Vienna 1813–1890), born Biedermann, she is seen to be holding a lorgnette in her right hand as she poses for her painting.

<a href="Donald_Grant_Mitchell" title="Donald Grant Mitchell">Donald Grant Mitchell</a> wrote a series of satirical pamphlets titled The Lorgnette, or Studies of the Town in New York City published by bookseller <a href="Henry_Kernot" title="Henry Kernot">Henry Kernot</a> in the 1850s.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mus%C3%A9e_des_Lunettes_et_Lorgnettes_Pierre_Marly" title="Musée des Lunettes et Lorgnettes Pierre Marly">Musée des Lunettes et Lorgnettes Pierre Marly</a></li>

<li><a href="Monocle" title="Monocle">Monocle</a></li>

<li><a href="Pince-nez" title="Pince-nez">Pince-nez</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lorgnette" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Lorgnette">Lorgnette</a>.</div></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lorgnette">"Lorgnette - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary"</a>. Merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 21 October 2014.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Rosenthal1996Lorgnettes-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenthal1996Lorgnettes_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenthal1996Lorgnettes_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenthal1996Lorgnettes_2-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFRosenthal1996" class="citation book cs1">Rosenthal, J. William (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lp4LAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA118">"Lorgnettes"</a>. Spectacles and Other Vision Aids: A History and Guide to Collecting. Norman Publishing. pp. 118–137. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-930405-71-7</bdi>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-:0-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFGoes2013" class="citation book cs1">Goes, Frank Joseph (2013-01-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v0oL8xDJ0VEC&q=%22george+adams%22+%22lorgnette%22&pg=PA164">The Eye in History</a>. JP Medical Ltd. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-93-5090-274-5</bdi>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Final Verdict by <a href="Adela_Rogers_St._Johns" title="Adela Rogers St. Johns">Adela Rogers St. Johns</a>, 1962, Doubleday & Co.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:4-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-4">e</a> <cite id="CITEREFHandley" class="citation web cs1">Handley, Neil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.college-optometrists.org/the-college/museum/online-exhibitions/virtual-spectacles-gallery/lorgnettes-and-folding-eyeglasses.html">"Lorgnettes and folding eyeglasses"</a>. The College of Optometrists.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-:3-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-3">d</a> <cite id="CITEREFRosenthal1995" class="citation book cs1">Rosenthal, J. Wm. (1995). "Optical uses of fans". In Albert, Daniel M.; Zrenner, Claudia (eds.). History of Ophthalmology. pp. 193–198. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-011-0127-1_18">10.1007/978-94-011-0127-1_18</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7923-3401-9</bdi>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-ProQuest911862354-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ProQuest911862354_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ProQuest911862354_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ProQuest911862354_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ProQuest911862354_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ProQuest911862354_7-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ProQuest911862354_7-5">f</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1">"Fashion: The Lorgnette in Fashion". Vogue. 125 (8): 122, 123, 179. 1 May 1955. <a href="ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/911862354">911862354</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFIlardi2007" class="citation book cs1">Ilardi, Vincent (2007). Renaissance vision from spectacles to telescopes. American Philosophical Society. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-87169-259-7</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/74966726">74966726</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-ProQuest1914172686-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ProQuest1914172686_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ProQuest1914172686_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ProQuest1914172686_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ProQuest1914172686_9-3">d</a> <cite class="citation magazine cs1">"The Lorgnette". Harper's Bazaar. Vol. 28, no. 27. 6 July 1895. p. 544. <a href="ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1914172686">1914172686</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-:5-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_10-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFGoes2013" class="citation book cs1">Goes, Frank Joseph (2013). Eye in history. Jaypee Brothers. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-93-5090-274-5</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/813930522">813930522</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-:1-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFAdams1789" class="citation book cs1">Adams, George (1789). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/b21438559">An essay on vision, briefly explaining the fabric of the eye</a>. London: R. Hindmarsh. p. 117 – via Internet Archive.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFCunnington1990" class="citation book cs1">Cunnington, C. Willett (1990). English women's clothing in the nineteenth century. Dover Publications. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-486-31963-6</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/853623780">853623780</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite class="citation book cs1">The literary lorgnette: attending opera in imperial Russia. 1 November 2000.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMitchell1854" class="citation web cs1">Mitchell, Donald Grant (1854). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=25svAAAAMAAJ">"The Lorgnette"</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMarvel1883" class="citation web cs1">Marvel, Ik (February 27, 1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w3Hoih0FUugC&dq=henry+kernot&pg=PR15">"Reveries of a Bachelor, Or, A Book of the Heart"</a>. Scribner – via Google Books.</cite>

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</style><div id="Types_of_eyewear79" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of <a href="Eyewear" title="Eyewear">eyewear</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(Eye)<a href="Glasses" title="Glasses">glasses</a> / spectacles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Belay_glasses" title="Belay glasses">Belay</a></li>

<li><a href="Bifocals" title="Bifocals">Bifocals</a></li>

<li><a href="Browline_glasses" title="Browline glasses">Browline</a></li>

<li><a href="Chicken_eyeglasses" title="Chicken eyeglasses">Chicken</a></li>

<li><a href="Groucho_glasses" title="Groucho glasses">Groucho</a></li>

<li><a href="Horn-rimmed_glasses" title="Horn-rimmed glasses">Horn-rimmed</a></li>

<li><a href="Lensless_glasses" title="Lensless glasses">Lensless</a></li>

<li>

<ul><li><a href="Opera_glasses" title="Opera glasses">Opera</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Monocle" title="Monocle">Monocle</a></li>

<li><a href="Pince-nez" title="Pince-nez">Pince-nez</a></li>

<li><a href="Pinhole_glasses" title="Pinhole glasses">Pinhole</a></li>

<li><a href="Rimless_eyeglasses" title="Rimless eyeglasses">Rimless</a></li>

<li><a href="Scissors-glasses" title="Scissors-glasses">Scissors</a></li>

<li><a href="Shooting_glasses" title="Shooting glasses">Shooting</a></li>

<li><a href="Smartglasses" title="Smartglasses">Smart</a></li>

<li><a href="Trifocal_lenses" title="Trifocal lenses">Trifocals</a></li>

<li><a href="Windsor_glasses" title="Windsor glasses">Windsor</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sunglasses" title="Sunglasses">Sunglasses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aviator_sunglasses" title="Aviator sunglasses">Aviator</a></li>

<li><a href="Mirrored_sunglasses" title="Mirrored sunglasses">Mirrored</a></li>

<li><a href="Solar_viewer" title="Solar viewer">Solar viewer</a></li>

<li><a href="Shutter_shades" title="Shutter shades">Shutter</a></li>

<li><a href="Ray-Ban_Wayfarer" title="Ray-Ban Wayfarer">Wayfarer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Goggles" title="Goggles">Goggles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ballistic_eyewear" title="Ballistic eyewear">Ballistic</a></li>

<li><a href="Dark_adaptor_goggles" title="Dark adaptor goggles">Dark adaptor</a></li>

<li><a href="Doggles" title="Doggles">Doggles</a></li>

<li><a href="Fatal_Vision_(goggles)" title="Fatal Vision (goggles)">Fatal Vision</a></li>

<li><a href="Foggles" class="mw-redirect" title="Foggles">Foggles</a></li>

<li><a href="Night-vision_device" title="Night-vision device">Night-vision</a></li>

<li><a href="Swedish_goggles" title="Swedish goggles">Swedish</a></li>

<li><a href="Upside_down_goggles" title="Upside down goggles">Upside down</a></li>

<li><a href="Welding_goggles" class="mw-redirect" title="Welding goggles">Welding</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Blindfold" title="Blindfold">Blindfold</a>

<ul><li><a href="Blinders_(poultry)" title="Blinders (poultry)">Blinder</a></li>

<li><a href="Blinkers_(horse_tack)" title="Blinkers (horse tack)">Blinker</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Contact_lens" title="Contact lens">Contact</a></li>

<li><a href="Eyepatch" title="Eyepatch">Eyepatch</a></li>

<li><a href="Active_shutter_3D_system" title="Active shutter 3D system">Shutter system</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_reality_headset" title="Virtual reality headset">VR headset</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-03-17" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Lorgnette&oldid=1214187164">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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